Types of Publication Malpractices

Ø  Plagiarism: Traditionally, plagiarism appears when an author 'passes off' another's paper as the his/her own, copies or paraphrases substantial parts of others’ papers (without attribution) as his/her own.

• Data Fabrication and Falsification: Generally data fabrication happens when one has not conducted a research but provides some data and findings. Data falsification happens when a study has been undertaken, but the authors distort the data or findings to suit special purposes.

• Multiple, Duplicate, Redundant, or Concurrent Submission/Publication

Papers describing essentially the same research should not be published in more than one journal or primary publication. Hence, authors should not submit for consideration a manuscript that has already been published in another journal. Submission of a manuscript concurrently to more than one journal is unethical publishing behavior and unacceptable.

• Concurrent Submission: It happens when an article is sent simultaneously to different journals.
• Duplicate Submission/ Publication: This refers to the practice of submitting the same study to two journals or publishing more or less the same study in two journals. These submissions/publications can be nearly simultaneous or years later.

• Redundant Publication: it takes place when a study is split into several parts, and each part is sent as an independent article.

• Non-cited References: it occurs when the sources mentioned in the reference section have not been cited inside the paper.

• Adding the Names of non-Contributing people: Since authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study, adding the name of a third party who has not been involved in any parts of the research procedure is unacceptable.