نویسندگان
1 صنایع دستی، دانشکده هنرهای کاربردی، دانشگاه هنر ایران، تهران، ایران
2 گروه صنایع دستی، دانشکده هنرهای کاربردی، دانشگاه هنر ایران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Orosi windows are significant decorative elements of Qajar architecture that, despite having similar structures, differ in construction details, ornamentation, and execution influenced by the climatic, cultural, and artistic conditions of each region. Although limited in number, the cities of Hamedan and Kermanshah possess valuable examples of these elements. Accordingly, this study aims to comparatively examine the structural features, motifs, colors, and techniques of Qajar Orosi windows in these two cities to identify their similarities and differences. The main research questions are: What are the points of similarity and difference between the Qajar Orosi windows of Hamedan and Kermanshah in terms of motifs, color, and technique? And what are the technical and artistic characteristics of the window decorations under study?
To answer these questions, a comparative visual analysis of the Orosi windows in the two cities was conducted, focusing on overall form, design and motifs, technique, frequency, glass color, orientation, and relation to the regional climate. The research method is fundamental, descriptive-analytical, with a comparative approach. Data were collected through library research and, notably, fieldwork including interviews and photography. The statistical population comprises buildings from the Qajar and early Pahlavi periods, including 7 structures in Hamedan and 12 in Kermanshah featuring Orosi windows.
The results indicate that the dominant form of transoms in both cities is arched, and the three-leaf sash is the most frequent. The primary motifs in Hamedan and Kermanshah are, respectively, composite and arabesque designs, followed by geometric patterns in both cities. The most common techniques are frame-cutting and fabric-cutting combined with colored glass, applied mainly in transoms and sashes. White and red colors account for the largest proportion of colored glass. The greatest diversity in motifs and techniques dates back to the mid to late Qajar period; in later buildings,
کلیدواژهها [English]
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