The historic village of Abyaneh, with its valuable monuments and unique architecture, can be considered a living museum of Iranian history. The village’s Jameh Mosque contains important historical elements such as pulpits, a mihrab, and wooden columns, each belonging to a different historical period. The wooden mihrab of the mosque, which dates back to 477 AH, is decorated with various motifs and inscriptions. The different parts of the mihrab are arranged in a harmonious order, while floral decorations and Kufic inscriptions add to its visual beauty.

The aim of this study is to examine the visual structure of the Kufic inscriptions on this mihrab. Therefore, the research seeks to answer the following question: What is the visual structure of the letters and words in the wooden inscription of the mihrab of the Jameh Mosque of Abyaneh?

This research is descriptive-analytical in method. Through field studies and the use of library sources, the Kufic script used in the mihrab was first examined and then analyzed in order to identify the structural features of the script and its decorative elements.

The Kufic inscription of the wooden mihrab contains about 160 words and shows a high level of order and harmony. The artist who created the inscription had strong knowledge of calligraphic principles and decorative design. A clear balance can be seen between horizontal and vertical lines, as well as in the proper use of positive and negative space. Creative decorations were used to fill empty spaces. Appropriate spacing and the combination of curved and elongated letters have improved the readability and unity of the inscription. In addition, the design of words such as “Allah” and “Ilah” gives the work a special artistic quality. Symmetry is also carefully observed in letters such as “M,” “H,” “‘A,” and “F.”